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Introduction of Flexible AC Transmission Systems | Types of FACTs Controllers | Benefits of FACTs

Introduction of Flexible AC Transmission Systems | Types of FACTs Controllers | Benefits of FACTs


What is Flexible AC Transmission System?


The flexible AC transmission system (FACTs) uses static controllers. Power electronics based static controllers are used to control the reactive power across AC transmission system.
Flexible AC Transmission System
Introduction of Flexible AC Transmission Systems | Types of FACTs Controllers | Benefits of FACTs
This enhances controllability and increases power transfer capability of AC transmission line.


Types of FACTs Controllers


The classification of FACTs controllers are mentioned below:

FACTs controllers


1. Variable Impedance Controllers
2. Voltage Sourced Converter based

1. Variable Impedance Controllers


 (1) Shunt Compensator
(2) Series Compensator

(1) Shunt Compensator


 ✓ Thyristor controlled reactor (TCR)

 ✓ Fixed capacitor

 ✓ Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC)

 ✓ TSC - TCR

 ✓ Static VAR compensator (SVC)

(2) Series Compensator


✓ Thyristor Switched Series Capacitor (TSSC)

 ✓ Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)

2. Voltage Sourced Converter based


✓ Static Synchronous Compensator (STATcom)

✓ Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)

✓ Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)


This classification is also shown in below diagram:

FACTs Controllers
Classification of FACTs Controllers


Benefits of FACTs


 ✓ Power flow in the range of few tens to few hundreds of mega watts is controlled.

 ✓ Series impedance, shunt impedance, current, voltage, phase angle and damping oscillations are controlled at various frequencies.

 ✓ Transmission lines can be made to carry power closer to its thermal rating using FACTs controllers.

 ✓ The control and response of FACTs is faster.

 ✓ The FACTs are compact and cost effective.

 ✓ Harmonics and power control is handled more efficiently by FACTs.

 ✓ FACTs solve technical problems in interconnected power systems and improve
their synchronous operation.

 ✓ Stability of transmission system is improved.

 ✓ Voltage quality is improved by harmonic control.
✓ Unbalance in the transmission line is reduced.

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