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What is Substation? And Function Of Substation

What is Substation?

It is a system utilized to change and to improve the characteristics of the supply system as per load requirements.

What is Substation? And Function Of Substation
What is Substation? And Function Of Substation

Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may pass through various substations having different voltage levels. 

Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer.

Functions of a sub-station

  • An electricity supply undertaking generally aims at the following:
  • Supply of required electrical power to all the consumers continuously at all times.
  • Maximum possible coverage of the supply network over the given geographical area.
  • Maximum security of supply.
  • Shortest possible fault duration.
  • Optimum efficiency of plants and the network.
  • Supply of electrical power within targeted frequency limits.
  • Supply of electrical power within specified voltage limits.
  • Supply of electrical energy to the consumers at the lowest cost.
  • As a result of these objectives, there are various tasks which are closely associated with the generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of the electrical energy.
  • These tasks are performed by various, manual, semi-automatic and fully automatic devices located in generating stations and substations.
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The tasks associated with a major substation in the transmission system include the following:

  • Controlling the exchange of energy
  • Protection of transmission system
  • Ensuring steady state and transient stability
  • Load shedding and prevention of loss of synchronism.
  • Maintaining the system frequency within targeted limits
  • Voltage control,reducing the reactive power flow by compensation of reactive power, tap-changing.
  • Securing the supply by providing adequate line capacity and facility for changing the transmission paths.
  • Data transmission via power line carrier for the purpose of network monitoring, control  and protection.
  • Determining the energy transfer through transmission lines and tie-lines.
  • Fault analysis and pin-pointing the cause and subsequent improvements.
  • Securing supply by feeding the network at various points.
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