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Do you know what is ELCB and how ELCB works?!!!

Do you know what is ELCB and how ELCB works?!!!


Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
Do you know what is ELCB and how it works?!!!


  • ELCB stands for Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker.

  • ELCB is used for safety purpose for installing an electrical device with using high earth impedance against avoid shock.

  • Main purpose of earth leakage circuit breaker is to keep safe the animals and humans against electrical shock.

Various Types of ELCB


  1. Voltage operated ELCB
  2. Current operated ELCB

Oparating Principle
ELCB is the current operated device. So when leakage current reach at predetermined value then ELCB is operates.


Working of ELCB
  • Let consider single phase circuit which has two wire one phase and second neutral.

  • These two wire phase and neutral are fed through separate winding of a current transformer which is shown in below image.

circuit diagram of ELCB
Basic Circuit Diagram of ELCB


  • Tripping mechanism control by second another winding, Now the current through the two wire phase and neutral is make equal

Ip = In

  • Due to equal current, flux linkage of the phase wire and neutral wire is same in magnitude but direction is opposite.

  • So flux linkage in tripping winding is not take place, therefore no EMF is induced in tripping winding or secondary winding.

  • Now if more current is flow from the phase wire than the neutral wire because of fault or leakage between phase and earth.

  • So unbalance of flux take place and EMF is induced in second coil in the transformer and than it will be open the contact of ELCB and ELCB isolates the circuit from the power supply.

  • For testing purpose of trip mechanism one test button is keep in the ELCB.

  • By pressing this test button ELCB can be tested. ELCB should be tested one time in one month.

  • If ELCB is not tripped when we press the test button , any fault is occurs in elcb then ELCB not tripped when any human body keep in touch with live conductor.

Advantages of ELCB


  • ELCB is very efficient at earth leakage protection.

  • If an any earth fault occurs then the supply is isolated.

  • ELCB has less nuisance at a tripping time.

Disadvantages of ELCB


  • Whole supply is switched off when any fault is occurs in any plant.

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